Retort structure



April 29, 1.930. E. G. BLACKWELL RETORT STRUCTURE Filed Sepl'l /7/7 Z5fl/ INVENTOR GBlackwclZ,

Zavwz BY l @jg/Wm l ATTORNEY Patented Apr. V29, v19.30

' ljtgit EDWIN nnacxwnnn, or New YORK, N.Y.

i .niiron'r STRUCTURE' y Animaties niet' september ze, iear.y serial No.221,243.

This inventionrelates to retorts o r cham- Y bers and more particularlyto retortsfor the carboni'zation of coal ingas manufacture though it isnotedv that theinvention is not ziy limited to'retorts orheatingchambers, and theword retort as herein used coversy chambers foryvother purposes. 'A Y, .f

Y -My present invention is directed to 'an improved form of retort forvthe manufacture ofgas by thel carbonization of coal, and has to do,specifically,withy the details of building the retort proper, in singleor plural combinations, for eliminating faults at present existing insuchre'torts,

In plants, for the carbonization of coal 'and other materials,comprising retorts or ovens of vertical, inclined or horizontal types`the material undergoing treatment may expand fduring carbonizationnorupon the application of heat and exert an outwardbursting stress on theretort walls.` The'heat applied may be either by conduction through .theretort or oven wallsor by internal heating ar l rangements, kor by acombination of the two.

wall for a chamber of this kind which will re- `videa wall of this'kindfhavi'ngcourses respectivelyfforjoutward and inward pressure. Otherobjects ofthe invention are to'imofsuchll walls and to provide a wall ofthis kind which is durable andre'iliable'4 in opera- Ytion, andeconomical to construct. Still other objects ofthe invention willappearas the description proceeds and while fherein details ofthei'nvention are'V described these, since many and various'changes may-be made without departing from the scope ofthe invention as' claimed inthe ybroader claims. f

While herein they inside off the retort vis rshown as 'approximatinganellipse rather than rectangular or other shapes,A and the brick wallsare insectio'ns rather than solid `rings and havev plain rather thantongue. and

asfat present constructed.

' One object of the invention is to provide av prove'generally thesimplicity and efficiency faces.

vention is" not concerned with or'limit'ed to these details.

The present invention contemplates the,

'building of the oven or retort walls of arch like 'construction withthe top or back of the groove connections it is noted that the in- I,

archagainst ythe contained material'insuch Y manner as to resist thebursting stress, which Vin lretorts or ovens of present construction`has rhad the tendency to either distort the lretort or ovenshape or toactually dislocate individual sections ofthe material entering "into theretort or oven construction..

The inventivey features for the accomplishment of these and otherobjects are shown'. herein in connection with an improved re- Itortwhich, briefly stated, includes 'opposed abut-ment members havingabutment faces between which is disposed aretort comprising elongatedvcourses of brickV including end bricks disposed against said abutmentfaces,

abutment faces converging in the direction of the forces acting on theretort side wall.r

' inasmuch as ret-Orts of this general nature the'side brick of coursesbeing laid vend-for- I are usually similar, asl to lthe arrangement"ofsetting, flues and retort proper, have only l disclosed suiicientstructure herein to illus- `trate my improvement and the underlyingfunctions and advantages thereof.

i In the accompanying drawing showing, by

way of example, one of many possible embed' iments of theinvention,

'Fig 1l is a fragmentaryside elevation Vof myretortfs'tructure;

Figs. 2 tod are horizontal Vsectional views taken respectively on thellines 2-4-2, 3-3 and 1f-4 of Fig.1 looking in the direction of y 90diagrammatic view illustrating and claimed, the invention is notlimitedto the 'manner in which my structure opposesk certain forces; and Fig. 6is a fragmentary abutment thearrows;

Fig. 5 is a view showing the. angles of the walls, parallel to eachother. If the retort is vertical these tiles are vertical but arehorizontal or inclined if the retort 10 is horizontal or inclined. Theopposing face of each tile is longitudinally divided at its middle axisinto a pair of immovable abutment faces 16 slightly inwardly convergingtoward the rear face or main plane of the tile.

The retort 10 is between said walls and comprises elongatedapproximately elliptical courses 17, 18 and 19 of refractory brickstaggered relative to the brick of the adjacent course and laid inplanes transverse to said tiles, with the end bricks disposed flatagainst said abutment faces 16.

Each alternate course 18` (Fig. coinprises a central end brick 2O havinginclined meeting faces meeting at said axis 15 and lying vflatagainst-said abutment faces 16, and corner bricks 21 adjacent to saidcentral brick and having fiat faces contacting and extending to theoutei'side edges 22 of said I Y abutment faces 16. 1

rIjhe intervening' course-s 19 (F ig. 3) comprise corner brick 25meeting above the center of the brick 2O at said axis 15 and having fiatfaces extending to said edges 22.

The outer face of each corner brick may be provided with a recess 26, 27to increase vthe `lightness and heat-conductivity of the brick.

The side brick, 30, 81 of all the courses are laid' end-for-end betweensaid corner brick and all have end abutment faces 33 engaging adjacentside brick and said corner bricks. All of said abutment faces l16 and33, lie substantially in imaginary converging planes 3st (Fig. 6) allradial to a remote imaginary line parallel to and equidistant from saidtiles ontlie side of the re-tort side-wall toward which theforcesindicated by the arrows 35 Y V(Figp), acting on the wall tend topush said side wall. In this way said corner and side bricks all act asa keystone and tend to `wedge, with forces represented by the arrows 36,against adjacent brick or said tile to prevent the retort wall or anybrick from being displaced Yby said forces.

' W'hile herein the tiles 12 are shown as mounted against the ,walls 11,and only one retort'is shown between the walls 11, rather than two ormore retorts placed end to end,

as Vinusual construction, it is understood that Athe invention is notthus limited.

lVhere division walls or iioor tiles support the retort and themselvesresist outward bursting forces and in turnl exert an inward YVburstingface, the above described courses'lS and 19 serve to resist theseinward. forces,

since the outer and inner faces of the side and corner brick 21', 25,30,31 converge tothe course,

retort side wall all lie in a plane passing through said bases and theassociated abutment face 16, of the wall tiles, whereby the bricks ofthe side wall, because of the fric- 4disposed against said abutmentfaces are not so wide as the brick21. In this form, the forces to beovercome are from the outside and the abutment faces 16 and 33 convergeinwardly, which is in the direction of the outsideforces acting on theretort side wall.

Vhile the .drawings do not so disclose it, they being ofaso'mewhatconventional, diagrammatic showing, it is understood that in the usualcustomary practice of erect-ion of these liereindescribed retorts, thatthe bricks forming the completed retort are cemented onbonded togetherby a suitable fire-proof bond, in the usual manner.

I claim as my invention:

1. .In combination vwith spaced vertical walls, a retort abuttt-ing saidwalls comprising courses ofiire vabutting bricks laid in planestransverse to said ,walls including vertical planes of contact betweeneach of said bricks and Abricks contiguous thereto, the vertical planesof contact of said bricks on two opposite sides of each brickconvergingtoward the exterior of said retort.

2. In combination `with opposed spaced walls, a Vvertical Vretortabutting said walls comprisinga plurality of courses of bricks laid inplanes transverse to the vertical axis of saidretort having verticalplanes of contact between each of thev bricks and bricks contiguousthereto, the vertical planes of contact of said bricks on two oppositesides .ing a plurality of course of brick laid iii planes transverse toan aXis through the center of saidretort, said bricks having verticalplanes of Contact between each of the bricks and bricks contiguousthereto, the planes of contact of certain of the bricks on two oppositesides'of each brick converging towards the exterior of said retort.

4. In combination with opposite spaced walls, lopposite tile lmembersabutting said walls, a 'retortdisposedf between and abutting d said-tilemembers comprising courses of brick laid in planestra-Iis-verse to saidwalls having vertical planes of contact betweeneach of the I bricks andbricks contiguous Vvthereto with "certain of the bricks'iii4 each@Oursedsposed j against ,said tile members, the vertical planes ofcontact of the remaining bricks having opy posed sides of each brick inYeach course converging towards the exterior of said retort.

5. In combination with opposed vertical walls,'opposite tile membersabutting said walls, a retort abutting said tile members, said retortcomprising courses of brick laid in planes transverse to said wallshaving vertical plane of contact between each kof the bricks and brickscontiguous theretd, the vertical vplanes ofVcont-act of certain of thebricks having two opposed sides of each brick in each course convergingtowards the exterior of said retort.

6. In combination with walls, abutting said walls, said tiles havingfaces abutting the retort converging towards the walls, said retortcomprising a plurality of substantially elliptical courses of brick laidin planes transverse to saidtiles, said bricks having vertical plane ofcontact between each of the bricks and bricks contiguous thereto, theend bricks in each course contacting with sai'd converged faces,thevertical planes of contact of the remaining bricks having two opposedsides of each brick in eachV course opposed verticalv a retort,loppositevertical wall tiles abutment faces and vcorner bricks adjacent to saidcentral brick and having flat faces contacting and extending to theouter side edges of said'abutment faces; the intervening coursescomprising corner brick havingv flat faces extending to said edges; rtheside brick of the courses being disposed end-for-end to rovide abutmentfaces. A

igned at New York in the county of New York and State of New York this20 day of September A. D. 1927. f.

' EDWIN G. BLACKWELL.

converging towards'the exterior of said retort.

7. In combination with opposed vertical walls, a retort abutting saidwalls comprising a plurality of coursesof brick laid in planestransverse to the vertical axis of the retort, said bricks havingvertical plane of contact between each of the bricks and brickscontiguous thereto, the vertical planes of contact of certain of thebricks in each course converging towards .the 'exterior of the retort,certain of the bricks in each course bey ing provided with a recess to'increase the lightness and heat conductivity of the brick.

8. In combination with opposed vertical walls, a vertical retortvabutting said walls comprising a plurality of courses of vbrick laid inplanes transverse to the vertical axis of the retort, said bricks havingvertical planes of contact between each vof the bricks and brickscontiguous thereto, thel vertical planes of-contact of certain of thebricks in successive series of courses converging tovwards-the exteriorof the retort, andthe planesof contactof certain of the bricks inybeneath the series'converging towards the interior of said retort.

9'. In combination, opposed vertical wall members, opposite tile membersabutting the opposing faces of said wall members and being providedwith-a pair of abutment faces `slightly inwardly converging towards[said Vwall'fme1r1bers, a retort between said tile members comprisingtransverse courses of brick including end bricks disposed against Y-said abutment faces, each alternate course comprising a centralend-brick having incllned meeting faces lying flat against vsaid

